APPLICATION AREAS
3D printed housing
Builders across Europe, Asia, and North America are delivering homes faster, with fewer workers on site, and at lower cost than conventional construction.
30%
Lower cost vs conventional
2x
Faster wall completion
35+
Countries with active COBOD customers
HTL.TECH | IRELAND
60% faster wall completion in Ireland
HTL used a COBOD BOD2 to deliver a 330 m2 social housing development in Ireland. Wall completion took 18 days vs 44 days conventional. Fully permitted and ISO/ASTM compliant.
18 days
vs 44 days conventional
Award
quality and reduced waste
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THE HOUSING CHALLENGE
The gap between housing demand and construction capacity is growing
Manual construction is under pressure on every front. 3D printing directly addresses the most critical bottlenecks.
35M
new homes needed annually by 2030
€16tn
infrastructure investment needed by 2040
Execution risk
9 out of 10 projects exceed budget or schedule
Productivity stagnation
Construction productivity grows less than 0.5% per year, vs 3%+ in manufacturing
Labor shortages
2 million+ skilled construction workers missing across OECD markets
Sustainability pressure
Construction accounts for roughly 40% of global CO2 emissions
PROJECT COSTS
How much does a 3D printed house cost?
There is no single number. Cost depends on labor markets, material prices, project scale, and local conditions. These outcomes were reported directly by COBOD customers on completed projects.
VEROTOUCH | USA
30%
cheaper vs conventional
Across a 30-unit development. Wall structure of a 140 m² (1,500 SF) home printed in 4 days with a 3-person crew. 50% faster overall.
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PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION | GERMANY
10%
cheaper vs conventional
Multi-unit residential project with 6 to 9 apartments per building. 30% faster vs conventional construction on the same site.
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Want to know what the numbers look like on your project?
Send us your drawings and we will assess feasibility, print time, and estimated material usage for your specific case.
HOW IT WORKS
From drawings to printed walls
The process is straightforward. Standard tools, standard materials, and a permit pathway that follows conventional concrete construction codes.
Standard concrete, locally sourced
COBOD printers use regular 25+ MPa concrete at $100–200/m³. No proprietary mixes, no supplier lock-in. 70–80% cheaper than mortar-based alternatives.
Fully permitted in 35+ countries
Standard concrete means standard codes. A local structural engineer aligns the design, COBOD provides technical documentation, and connects you with partners who have already permitted projects in your region.
A 3-person crew, CAD/BIM drawings, 4 days
Your architect works in standard design tools. COBOD Slice converts the model to printer instructions. The printer installs in under 4 hours and places wall structure, reinforcement openings, and MEP penetrations precisely per drawings.
COMPLETED PROJECTS
3D printed homes done with COBOD technology
From single-family homes to multi-story social housing, these are projects delivered by COBOD customers worldwide.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION & PLURIAL NOVILIA | FRANCE
Large-Scale Social Housing
PERI 3D Construction and developer Plurial Novilia built a multi-story social housing complex in France using a COBOD printer, delivering 12 apartments across 800 m² (8,600 SF) of living space.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION & KORTE-HOFFMANN GROUP | GERMANY
Serial 3D Printed Housing
PERI 3D Construction and the Korte-Hoffmann Group used a COBOD BOD2 printer to deliver 21 residential units in Germany, proving that 3D construction printing works at scale for serial housing production.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION | GERMANY
3D Printed Social Housing
PERI 3D Construction used the BOD2 to build a three-story social housing apartment building in Lünen, Germany, the first publicly funded 3D printed residential project in Europe. The building covers 651 m² (7,150 SF) and includes six apartment units across two 3D printed floors and a timber hybrid top floor.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION & RUPP GEBÄUDEDRUCK | GERMANY
Three Story 3D Printed Home
Our 3D construction printer was deployed in a small city called Wallenhausen in Bavaria to 3D print a 380m² (4090,29 SF) big multifamily residential building. In total, the 3D printed home includes five apartments. In August 2021, the first residents moved into the multifamily apartment building.
HTL.TECH | IRELAND
3D Printed to ISO/ASTM Standard
HTL.tech used the BOD2 to build a three-unit social housing project in Grange Close, Ireland, covering 330 m² (3,552 SF) and completed 35% faster than with conventional methods. The project is the first in Europe fully compliant with the ISO/ASTM 52939:2023 standard for additive manufacturing in construction, with walls printed in just 12 days.
KIZUKI & ONOCOM | JAPAN
Seismically Certified 3D Printed House
Japanese construction firms Kizuki and ONOCOM used a COBOD printer to deliver a two-story reinforced concrete house meeting Japan's strict seismic certification standards, one of the most demanding structural approval processes in the world.
3DCP GROUP | DENMARK
36 3D Printed Student Apartments
3DCP Group used the BOD3 to print 36 student apartments across six buildings in Holstebro, Denmark, totaling 1,654 m² (17,804 SF). Printing time dropped from several weeks on the first building to just five days on the last, with a 3-person crew operating the printer throughout.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION & KORTE-HOFFMANN GROUP | GERMANY
Two Story 3D Printed Home
The first 3D printed home on German soil was printed in North Rhine-Westphalia with one of COBOD’s 3D construction printers. The two-story 3D printed house offers around 160 m² (1722,23 SF) of living space. The building consists of triple-layer cavity walls filled with insulation.
VEROTOUCH | USA
Fire-Resistant 3D Printed Homes
VeroTouch used the BOD2 to 3D print two 102 m² (1,100 SF) homes in Buena Vista, Colorado, with A1-rated concrete walls offering the highest level of fire resistance. The superstructure of one home was completed in just 16 days, and the project is backed by a $680,000 state grant as part of Colorado's push to scale innovative housing construction.
BM PARTNERS | KAZAKHSTAN
3D Printed Earthquake-Resistant House
BM Partners used the BOD2 to build a 100 m² (1,076 SF) house in Almaty, Kazakhstan, engineered to withstand magnitude 7.0 earthquakes. Walls were printed in just five days using high-strength concrete at nearly 60 MPa, with the entire project completed in under two months.
HAVELAR | PORTUGAL
3D Printed Two-Bedroom House
Havelar used the BOD2 to print an 80 m² (861 SF) two-bedroom house in Porto, Portugal in just 18 hours. By combining fast print times with construction 3D printing, the company offers completed homes in under two months at €1,500/m², well below the Porto market average of €3,100/m².
EMAAR | UAE
3D Printed Smart Home Villa
Emaar used the BOD2 to 3D print a 202 m² (2,175 SF) villa in Dubai with three bedrooms, curved walls, and full Xiaomi smart home integration. Designed by U+A Architects, the project supports Dubai's goal of having 25% of all construction 3D printed by 2030.
DAR AL ARKAN | SAUDI ARABIA
3D Printed 3-Story Smart Home Villa
Dar Al Arkan used the BOD2 to 3D print a 345 m² (3,714 SF) three-story villa in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in just 26 days using locally sourced materials. The building features smart home controls, 9 rooftop solar panels, and heat-reflecting nano-technology on the exterior walls.
EMERGENT3D | USA
3D Printed Wildfire Restoration Home
Emergent3D used the BOD2 to build a 110 m² (1,200 SF) home near Redding, California for families who lost their properties to wildfires. Fully compliant with California's building code, the strictest in the US, the house features curved walls and floor-to-ceiling windows connecting the interior to the surrounding forest.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION & PLURIAL NOVILIA | FRANCE
Large-Scale Social Housing
PERI 3D Construction and developer Plurial Novilia built a multi-story social housing complex in France using a COBOD printer, delivering 12 apartments across 800 m² (8,600 SF) of living space.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION & KORTE-HOFFMANN GROUP | GERMANY
Serial 3D Printed Housing
PERI 3D Construction and the Korte-Hoffmann Group used a COBOD BOD2 printer to deliver 21 residential units in Germany, proving that 3D construction printing works at scale for serial housing production.
KIZUKI & ONOCOM | JAPAN
Seismically Certified 3D Printed House
Japanese construction firms Kizuki and ONOCOM used a COBOD printer to deliver a two-story reinforced concrete house meeting Japan's strict seismic certification standards, one of the most demanding structural approval processes in the world.
3DCP GROUP | DENMARK
36 3D Printed Student Apartments
3DCP Group used the BOD3 to print 36 student apartments across six buildings in Holstebro, Denmark, totaling 1,654 m² (17,804 SF). Printing time dropped from several weeks on the first building to just five days on the last, with a 3-person crew operating the printer throughout.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION | GERMANY
3D Printed Social Housing
PERI 3D Construction used the BOD2 to build a three-story social housing apartment building in Lünen, Germany, the first publicly funded 3D printed residential project in Europe. The building covers 651 m² (7,150 SF) and includes six apartment units across two 3D printed floors and a timber hybrid top floor.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION & RUPP GEBÄUDEDRUCK | GERMANY
Three Story 3D Printed Home
Our 3D construction printer was deployed in a small city called Wallenhausen in Bavaria to 3D print a 380m² (4090,29 SF) big multifamily residential building. In total, the 3D printed home includes five apartments. In August 2021, the first residents moved into the multifamily apartment building.
PERI 3D CONSTRUCTION & KORTE-HOFFMANN GROUP | GERMANY
Two Story 3D Printed Home
The first 3D printed home on German soil was printed in North Rhine-Westphalia with one of COBOD’s 3D construction printers. The two-story 3D printed house offers around 160 m² (1722,23 SF) of living space. The building consists of triple-layer cavity walls filled with insulation.
HTL.TECH | IRELAND
3D Printed to ISO/ASTM Standard
HTL.tech used the BOD2 to build a three-unit social housing project in Grange Close, Ireland, covering 330 m² (3,552 SF) and completed 35% faster than with conventional methods. The project is the first in Europe fully compliant with the ISO/ASTM 52939:2023 standard for additive manufacturing in construction, with walls printed in just 12 days.
VEROTOUCH | USA
Fire-Resistant 3D Printed Homes
VeroTouch used the BOD2 to 3D print two 102 m² (1,100 SF) homes in Buena Vista, Colorado, with A1-rated concrete walls offering the highest level of fire resistance. The superstructure of one home was completed in just 16 days, and the project is backed by a $680,000 state grant as part of Colorado's push to scale innovative housing construction.
BM PARTNERS | KAZAKHSTAN
3D Printed Earthquake-Resistant House
BM Partners used the BOD2 to build a 100 m² (1,076 SF) house in Almaty, Kazakhstan, engineered to withstand magnitude 7.0 earthquakes. Walls were printed in just five days using high-strength concrete at nearly 60 MPa, with the entire project completed in under two months.
HAVELAR | PORTUGAL
3D Printed Two-Bedroom House
Havelar used the BOD2 to print an 80 m² (861 SF) two-bedroom house in Porto, Portugal in just 18 hours. By combining fast print times with construction 3D printing, the company offers completed homes in under two months at €1,500/m², well below the Porto market average of €3,100/m².
EMAAR | UAE
3D Printed Smart Home Villa
Emaar used the BOD2 to 3D print a 202 m² (2,175 SF) villa in Dubai with three bedrooms, curved walls, and full Xiaomi smart home integration. Designed by U+A Architects, the project supports Dubai's goal of having 25% of all construction 3D printed by 2030.
DAR AL ARKAN | SAUDI ARABIA
3D Printed 3-Story Smart Home Villa
Dar Al Arkan used the BOD2 to 3D print a 345 m² (3,714 SF) three-story villa in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in just 26 days using locally sourced materials. The building features smart home controls, 9 rooftop solar panels, and heat-reflecting nano-technology on the exterior walls.
EMERGENT3D | USA
3D Printed Wildfire Restoration Home
Emergent3D used the BOD2 to build a 110 m² (1,200 SF) home near Redding, California for families who lost their properties to wildfires. Fully compliant with California's building code, the strictest in the US, the house features curved walls and floor-to-ceiling windows connecting the interior to the surrounding forest.
Ready to build with construction 3D printing?
Tell us about your project or production plans, and we’ll help you find the right COBOD setup.
Frequently asked questions
How long does it take to 3D print a house?
A single-story home of around 100 m2 (1,075 sq ft) typically takes 1 to 4 days to print the wall structure with a 3-person crew. The full build follows the same timeline as conventional construction for all other phases. Overall, projects are typically completed 30 to 50% faster than traditional methods.
How much does it cost to 3D print a house?
Cost varies by country, labor market, project scale, and material prices. Customers have reported savings of 10 to 30% vs conventional construction. The biggest variable is material: COBOD printers use locally sourced concrete at roughly $100 to 200 per m3, compared to $900 to 1,300 for proprietary mortar systems used by other 3D printing approaches. That difference alone adds over $30,000 per home.
Is 3D printed construction legal and permitted?
Yes. COBOD printers use standard concrete, so buildings follow conventional concrete construction codes in most jurisdictions. A local structural engineer aligns the design with local code, the same as any concrete project. Buildings have been fully permitted in 35+ countries. COBOD supports with technical documentation and connections to partners who have already permitted 3D printed buildings in your region.
Are 3D printed concrete homes as strong as conventionally built ones?
Yes. Printed concrete meets the same structural standards as conventionally poured concrete. Walls are reinforced with standard rebar per local structural engineering requirements. Concrete walls also outperform timber frames on fire resistance, moisture resistance, and pest resistance, and carry lower insurance costs as a result.
How is insulation handled in a 3D printed house?
The double-wall system leaves a cavity between the outer and inner printed walls. Standard insulation is placed in that cavity to meet local thermal requirements. The result is 30 to 50% lower energy costs vs timber-frame homes using standard insulation types.
How is plumbing and electrical installed in a 3D printed house?
Conventionally. The printer places precisely sized openings per the design drawings. Plumbers and electricians typically save multiple days compared to conventional builds because all penetrations are already in place when they arrive on site.
How many floors can a COBOD printer build?
The BOD2 and BOD3 systems print up to 3 stories (approximately 9 m or 30 ft). The BOD XL handles larger and taller structures. All systems scale to approximately 15 m (50 ft) wide with unlimited length.